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Review of recent developments in cement composites reinforced with fibers and nanomaterials

Jianzhuang XIAO, Nv HAN, Yan LI, Zhongsen ZHANG, Surendra P. SHAH

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第1期页码 1-19 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0723-y

摘要： The quest for high-performance construction materials is led by the development and application of new reinforcement materials for cement composites. Concrete reinforcement with fibers has a long history. Nowadays, many new fibers associated with high performance and possessing eco-environmental characteristics, such as basalt fibers and plant fibers, have received much attention from researchers. In addition, nanomaterials are considered as a core material in the modification of cement composites, specifically in the enhancement of the strength and durability of composites. This paper provides an overview of the recent research progress on cement composites reinforced with fibers and nanomaterials. The influences of fibers and nanomaterials on the fresh and hardened properties of cement composites are summarized. Moreover, future trends in the application of these fibers or of nanomaterial-reinforced cement composites are proposed.

关键词： cement composites fiber nanomaterial mechanical property durability

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Microstructural and photocatalytic characterization of cement-paste sol-gel synthesized titanium dioxide

Elena CERRO-PRADA,Miguel MANSO,Vicente TORRES,Jesús SORIANO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第2期页码 189-197 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0326-6

摘要： A route for the in paste synthesis of TiO loaded cement is described. TiO sols are blended with fresh cement paste as an alternative process to add photocatalytic functionality to cement. The modification of cement paste structure after the addition of TiO sols is analyzed by XRD, SEM and TGA. As a particular microstructural feature, TiO containing calcium silicate hydrate (C-H-S) particles are identified as networking centers of a C-S-H gel fiber matrix. The increase of the TiO sol concentration induces a decrease of pore size and an increase in the specific surface area in the cement composites. The photocatalytic activity of the TiO /cement system is evaluated from the degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) under UV irradiation, monitored through the absorbance at 665 nm. The results show that, although TiO phases reveal no long range order structure, the cement paste exothermal treatment in presence of hydrate products and alkaline conditions leads to a photocatalytic composite. Such new cement matrix may be twofold advantageous since it additionally promotes the formation of C-S-H gel, main determinant of cement mechanical properties.

关键词： cement composites photocatalytic TiO₂ sol-gel C-S-H gel microstructure

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Acid-treated carbon nanotubes and their effects on mortar strength

M. ELKASHEF,K. WANG,M. N. ABOU-ZEID

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第2期页码 180-188 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0325-7

摘要： In the present study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were treated in an acidic mixture solution, made with nitric and sulfuric acids in a ratio of 3:1 by volume. The durations of the treatment were 100 and 180 min. The defects of these treated MWCNTs were examined using Raman spectroscopy. The attachment of hydroxyl functional groups to the walls of the MWCNTs were verified using FTIR spectroscopy. The dispersion of CNTs with acid treatment is assessed using UV-Vis spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the duration of the acid treatment has significant effect on both the degree of defects and functionality of the MWCNT. The compressive strength of mortar increased with the addition of the acid-treated MWCNTs; however, no appreciable difference was noted for the two treatment durations under this study.

关键词： carbon nanotubes concrete composites nanomaterials cement

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Extending blending proportions of ordinary Portland cement and calcium sulfoaluminate cement blends:

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期页码 1249-1260 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0770-4

摘要： This study extended blending proportion range of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement blends, and investigated effects of proportions on setting time, workability, and strength development of OPC-CSA blend-based mixtures. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were conducted to help understand the performance of OPC-CSA blend-based mixtures. The setting time of the OPC-CSA blends was extended, and the workability was improved with increase of OPC content. Although the early-age strength decreased with increase of OPC content, the strength development was still very fast when the OPC content was lower than 60% due to the rapid formation and accumulation of ettringite. At 2 h, the OPC-CSA blend-based mortars with OPC contents of 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% achieved the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of 17.5, 13.9, 9.6, and 5.0 MPa, respectively. The OPC content had a negligible influence on long-term strength. At 90 d, the average UCS of the OPC-CSA blend-based mortars was 39.2 ± 1.7 MPa.

关键词： calcium sulfoaluminate cement cement blends hydration reaction setting workability compressive strength

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ITZ microstructure, thickness, porosity and its relation with compressive and flexural strength of cementmortar; influence of cement fineness and water/cement ratio

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 191-201 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0792-y

摘要： A new insight into the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) in cement mortar specimens (CMSs) that is influenced by cement fineness is reported. The importance of cement fineness in ITZ characterizations such as morphology and thickness is elucidated by backscattered electron images and by consequences to the compressive (F_c) and flexural strength (F_f), and porosity at various water/cement ratios. The findings indicate that by increasing the cement fineness the calcium silicate hydrate formation in the ITZ is favored and that this can refine the pore structures and create a denser and more homogeneous microstructure. By increasing cement fineness by about 25% of, the ITZ thickness of CMSs was reduced by about 30% and F_c was increased by 7%–52% and F_f by 19%–40%. These findings illustrate that the influence of ITZ features on the mechanical strength of CMSs is mostly related to the cement fineness and ITZ microstructure.

关键词： cement fineness interfacial transition zone compressive and flexural strength

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Study of bond strength between various grade of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Portland PozzolaneCement (PPC) mixes and different diameter of TMT bars by using pullout test

A D POFALE, S P WANJARI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第1期页码 39-45 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0193-y

摘要： Since last two decades, the Portland Pozzolane Cement (PPC) is extensively used in structural concrete. But, till to date, a few literature is available on bond strength of concrete using PPC mixes. There are many literatures available on bond strength of concrete mixes using Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). Hence, a comparative study was conducted on bond strength between OPC and PPC mixes. In the present investigation, total 24 samples consisting of M20, M35 and M50 grades of concrete and 16 and 25 mm diameter of TMT bar were tested for 7 and 28 days. The pullout bond test was conducted on each specimen as per IS: 2770-1967/1997 [1] and the results were observed at 0.25 mm slip at loaded end called as critical bond stress and at maximum bond load called as maximum bond stress. It was observed that the critical bond strength of PPC mixes is 10% higher than OPC mixes. Whereas, marginal improvement was noticed in maximum bond strength of PPC mixes. Hence, based on these findings, it could be concluded that development length for PPC mixes could be reduced by 10% as compared with same grade of OPC mixes.

关键词： bond strength Portland Pozzolane Cement (PPC) concrete Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) concrete bond between concrete and steel pullout test development length

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Autogenous healing mechanism of cement-based materials

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》页码 948-963 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0960-3

摘要： Autogenous self-healing is the innate and fundamental repair capability of cement-based materials for healing cracks. Many researchers have investigated factors that influence autogenous healing. However, systematic research on the autogenous healing mechanism of cement-based materials is lacking. The healing process mainly involves a chemical process, including further hydration of unhydrated cement and carbonation of calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide. Hence, the autogenous healing process is influenced by the material constituents of the cement composite and the ambient environment. In this study, different factors influencing the healing process of cement-based materials were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy were used to examine the autogenous healing mechanism, and the maximum healing capacity was assessed. Furthermore, detailed theoretical analysis and quantitative detection of autogenous healing were conducted. This study provides a valuable reference for developing an improved healing technique for cement-based composites.

关键词： autogenous healing cement-based materials healing mechanism aggregation effect

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Research review of the cement sand and gravel (CSG) dam

Xin CAI, Yingli WU, Xingwen GUO, Yu MING

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第1期页码 19-24 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0145-y

摘要： The cement sand and gravel (CSG) dam is a new style of dam that owes the advantages both of the concrete faced rock-fill dam (CRFD) and roller compacted concrete (RCC) gravity dam, because of which it has attracted much attention of experts home and abroad. At present, some researches on physic-mechanical property of CSG material and work behavior of CSG dam have been done. This paper introduces the development and characteristics of CSG dam systematically, and summarizes the progress of the study on basic tests, constitutive relation of CSG material and numerical analysis of CSG dam, in addition, indicates research and application aspect of the dam.

关键词： cement sand and gravel (CSG) dam cement sand and gravel (CSG) material research review

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Experimental study and field application of calcium sulfoaluminate cement for rapid repair of concrete

Yanhua GUAN, Ying GAO, Renjuan SUN, Moon C. WON, Zhi GE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第3期页码 338-345 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0411-0

摘要： The fast-track repair of deteriorated concrete pavement requires materials that can be placed, cured, and opened to the traffic in a short period. Type III cement and Calcium Sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement are the most commonly used fast-setting hydraulic cement (FSHC). In this study, the properties of Type III and CSA cement concrete, including compressive strength, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and shrinkage were evaluated. The test results indicate that compressive strength of FSHC concrete increased rapidly at the early age. CSA cement concrete had higher early-age and long term strength. The shrinkage of CSA cement concrete was lower than that of Type III cement concrete. Both CSA and Type III cement concrete had similar CTE values. Based on the laboratory results, the CSA cement was selected as the partial-depth rapid repair material for a distressed continuously reinforced concrete pavement. The data collected during and after the repair show that the CSA cement concrete had good short-term and long-term performances and, therefore, was suitable for the rapid repair of concrete pavement.

关键词： Calcium Sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement Type III cement coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) shrinkage rapid repair

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Multiscale mechanical modeling of hydrated cement paste under tensile load using the combined DEM-MD

Yue HOU, Linbing WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第3期页码 270-278 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0408-8

摘要： In this paper, a combined DEM-MD method is proposed to simulate the crack failure process of Hydrated Cement Paste (HCP) under a tensile force. A three-dimensional (3D) multiscale mechanical model is established using the combined Discrete Element Method (DEM)-Molecular Dynamics (MD) method in LAMMPS (Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator). In the 3D model, HCP consists of discrete particles and atoms. Simulation results show that the combined DEM-MD model is computationally efficient with good accuracy in predicting tensile failures of HCP.

关键词： hydrated cement paste multiscale MD simulation DEM

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Mixed mode properties of CNT reinforced composites using Arcan test rig

Jacob MUTHU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第4期页码 397-404 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0321-y

摘要： Composite materials reinforced with carbon nanotubes were mechanical tested using Arcan test rig under Mode-I, Mode-II and mixed mode loading conditions to obtain their fracture properties. The butterfly composite specimens were fabricated with 0.02, 0.05 and 0.1 wt % CNTs. The polyester/CNT composite was fabricated using VRTM (Vacuum Resin Transfer Molding) where the CNTs were first functionalised to reach an optimum properties. Arcan test rig was designed and fabricated to work with the Shimadzu testing machine. The results show that the functionalised CNTs have improved the fracture behavior by acting as bridge between the cracked face. In addition, the fracture properties were not improved for the higher weight fraction of 0.1 wt% CNTs.

关键词： CNT composites Arcan test rig stress intensity factor

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Mechanical properties and microstructure of multilayer graphene oxide cement mortar

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 1058-1070 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0747-3

摘要： This study reports on the effects of multilayer graphene oxide (MGO) on compressive strength, flexural strength, and microstructure of cement mortar. The cement mortar was prepared with type P. II. 52.5 Portland cement, standard sand, and MGO. Four mixes were prepared with inclusion of MGO (0%, 0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.06% by weight of cement). The testing result shows that the compressive of GO-cement mortar increased by 4.84%–13.42%, and the flexural strength increased by 4.37%–8.28% at 3 d. GO-cement mortar’s compressive strength and flexural strength at 7 d increased by 3.84%–12.08% and 2.54%–13.43%, respectively. MGO made little contribution to the increases of compressive strength and flexural strength of cement mortar at 28 d. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and nitrogen (N₂) adsorption/desorption tests show that the types of hydration products and crystal grain size did not change after adding MGO. Still, it can help to improve the microstructure of the cement mortar via regulating hydration products and can provide more condensed cores to accelerate hydration. Furthermore, the regulating action of MGO for the microstructure of cement mortar at an early age was better than that at 28 d.

关键词： graphene oxide cement mortar mechanical properties microstructure

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Numerical modeling of nonlinear deformation of polymer composites based on hyperelastic constitutive

Qingsheng YANG, Fang XU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第3期页码 284-288 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0067-0

摘要： Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites exhibit nonlinear and hyperelastic characteristics under finite deformation. This paper investigates the macroscopic hyperelastic behavior of fiber reinforced polymer composites using a micromechanical model and finite deformation theory based on the hyperelastic constitutive law. The local stress and deformation of a representative volume element are calculated by the nonlinear finite element method. Then, an averaging procedure is used to find the homogenized stress and strain, and the macroscopic stress-strain curves are obtained. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate hyperelastic behavior and deformation of the composites, and the effects of the distribution pattern of fibers are also investigated to model the mechanical behavior of FRP composites.

关键词： composites hyperelastic finite deformation homogenization micromechanics

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Silicon carbide waste as a source of mixture materials for cement mortar

Zhengwu Jiang, Qiang Ren, Haoxin Li, Qing Chen

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0974-y

摘要： This paper presents an investigation of the feasibility of recycling silicon carbide waste (SCW) as a source of mixture materials in the production of cement mortar. Mortars with SCW were prepared by replacing different amounts of cement with SCW, and the properties of the resulting mortars, such as the fluidity, strength and shrinkage, were studied in this work. Thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy were employed to understand the reasons for the property changes of the mortars. The results indicate that SCW decreases the initial and 1-h fluidity of fresh mortar but improves the loss of fluidity. The mortar with SCW exhibits a lower strength at 3 d and 7 d but a higher strength at 28 d and 56 d compared to the control. The shrinkage rate of cement mortar with SCW shows an obvious decrease as the replacement ratio increases. In addition, the content of calcium hydroxide in hardened paste also shows that SCW has some impact on the hydration of the cement-SCW system. The microstructures of the hardened paste also show evidence for a later strength change of mortar containing SCW. This work provides a strategic reference for possibly applying SCW as a mixture material in the production of cement mortar.

关键词： Silicon carbide waste Cement mortar Fluidity Strength Shrinkage

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The stress relaxation of cement clinkers under high temperature

Xiufang WANG,Yiwang BAO,Xiaogen LIU,Yan QIU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第10卷第4期页码 413-417 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0357-7

摘要：

The energy consumption of crushing is directly affected by the mechanical properties of cement materials. This research provides a theoretical proof for the mechanism of the stress relaxation of cement clinkers under high temperature. Compression stress relaxation under various high temperatures is discussed using a specially developed load cell, which can measure stress and displacement under high temperatures inside an autoclave. The cell shows that stress relaxation dramatically increases and that the remaining stress rapidly decreases with an increase in temperature. Mechanical experiments are conducted under various temperatures during the cooling process to study the changes in the grinding resistance of the cement clinker with temperature. The effects of high temperature on the load-displacement curve, compressive strength, and elastic modulus of cement clinkers are systematically studied. Results show that the hardening phenomenon of the clinker becomes apparent with a decrease in temperature and that post-peak behaviors manifest characteristics of the transformation from plasticity to brittleness. The elastic modulus and compressive strength of cement clinkers increase with a decrease in temperature. The elastic modulus increases greatly when the temperature is lower than 1000 °C. The compressive strength of clinkers increases by 73.4% when the temperature drops from 1100 to 800 °C.

关键词： stress relaxation high temperature cement clinker compression elastic modulus

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标题作者时间类型操作

Review of recent developments in cement composites reinforced with fibers and nanomaterials

Jianzhuang XIAO, Nv HAN, Yan LI, Zhongsen ZHANG, Surendra P. SHAH

期刊论文

Microstructural and photocatalytic characterization of cement-paste sol-gel synthesized titanium dioxide

Elena CERRO-PRADA,Miguel MANSO,Vicente TORRES,Jesús SORIANO

期刊论文

Acid-treated carbon nanotubes and their effects on mortar strength

M. ELKASHEF,K. WANG,M. N. ABOU-ZEID

期刊论文

Extending blending proportions of ordinary Portland cement and calcium sulfoaluminate cement blends:

期刊论文

ITZ microstructure, thickness, porosity and its relation with compressive and flexural strength of cementmortar; influence of cement fineness and water/cement ratio

期刊论文

Study of bond strength between various grade of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Portland PozzolaneCement (PPC) mixes and different diameter of TMT bars by using pullout test

A D POFALE, S P WANJARI

期刊论文

Autogenous healing mechanism of cement-based materials

期刊论文

Research review of the cement sand and gravel (CSG) dam

Xin CAI, Yingli WU, Xingwen GUO, Yu MING

期刊论文

Experimental study and field application of calcium sulfoaluminate cement for rapid repair of concrete

Yanhua GUAN, Ying GAO, Renjuan SUN, Moon C. WON, Zhi GE

期刊论文

Multiscale mechanical modeling of hydrated cement paste under tensile load using the combined DEM-MD

Yue HOU, Linbing WANG